FIELDS OF THE APPLICATION OF ISE
There are many applications for different analyses in various fields. Some examples are mentioned for illustration:Agriculture
- soil samples - determination of calcium, nitrates, sodium, potassium, boron, ammonium and halogenides
- fodder - measurements of nitrogen after Kjeldahlization, calcium, halogenides, sodium, potassium, nitrates, to ensure quality products
- plant tissues - nitrates, halogenides, cyanides, calcium, sodium and potassium can be measured currently
- fertilizers - determination of potassium, calcium, nitrogen and nitrates in fertilizers
Medicine
- blood, serum - measurement of potassium, calcium, sodium, fluorides in samples
- urine - easy determination of fluorides, ammonium and calcium
Food industry
- meat and fish - nitrite and nitrate measurements in meat and fish processing, checking the fluoride level in fish protein to state the toxin concentration
- milk and dairy products - monitoring of fluoride concentrations for checking some toxins
- drinks and juices - determination of the concentration of chlorides, fluorides and carbonates
- alcoholic drinks, beer, wine - determining of potassium, sodium, carbonate, fluoride, and/or bromide levels
Paper industry
- sodium, calcium, silver, sulphide and chloride concentration measurements
Photochemistry
- bromide, silver and nitrate concentration measurements
Geology and mining
- fluoride, chloride and calcium measurements in different types of minerals
Metallurgy and electroplating baths
- concentration measurements of copper, cadmium, free and total cyanides, fluorides, fluoroborates, nitrates and ammonium
Petroleum refining and gas production
- after distillation, the concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen sulphide can be determined
- low chloride concentrations in water, used for desalting crude oil, can be determined, too
Medical products
- determination of fluorides in vitamines and tooth pastes, halogenides, copper, nitrates, or, if need be, calcium can be determined in a number of medicaments
Power engineering
- calcium and chloride concentration can be easily measured in boiler and exchanger waters
Water systems
- natural water - calcium, potassium, sodium, silver, lead, cadmium, halogenide, ammonium, sulphide and carbonate ions are currently determined
- drinking water - fluorides and nitrates are most frequently measured substances
- sea water - determination of halogenide, nitrate, potassium and sodium ions
- waste water - concentration measurements of copper, silver, cyanides and ammonium, and, if need be, of nitrogen after Kjeldahlization
Educational system
- at present, the electrodes are an important implement for numerous analytic and instrumental subjects. They help to observe effects and processes concerning the kinetics, equilibrium states and to determine activity coefficients, solubilities and ionizations
Research
- the electrode are used in following fields and branches: food industry, agriculture, agronomy, medicine, chemistry, physics, biology, stomatology, enviroment protection, etc.
Determination of acidity
- In all the mentioned fields and branches, where the ion selective electrodes are used, the glass pH-electrode is also used. The determination of acidity is, in most cases, an essential condition for the qualification of the samples under question.
Monokrystaly, s.r.o,
Přepeře 297, 512 61 Přepeře, Czech republic
Tel: +420 481 325 857, Tel/Fax: +420 481 313 200, Mobile: +420 775 325 857
Tel: +420 481 325 857, Tel/Fax: +420 481 313 200, Mobile: +420 775 325 857